Database Administration

Introduction to Oracle Database

This chapter provides an overview of Oracle Database.
This chapter contains the following topics:

About Relational Databases

Every organization has information that it must store and manage to meet its requirements. For example, a corporation must collect and maintain human resources records for its employees. This information must be available to those who need it.
An information system is a formal system for storing and processing information. An information system could be a set of cardboard boxes containing manila folders along with rules for how to store and retrieve the folders. However, most companies today use a database to automate their information systems. A database is an organized collection of information treated as a unit. The purpose of a database is to collect, store, and retrieve related information for use by database applications.

Database Management System (DBMS)

A database management system (DBMS) is software that controls the storage, organization, and retrieval of data.

Typically, a DBMS has the following elements:
Kernel code
This code manages memory and storage for the DBMS.
Repository of metadata
This repository is usually called a data dictionary.
Query language
This language enables applications to access the data.
A database application is a software program that interacts with a database to access and manipulate data.
The first generation of database management systems included the following types:
Hierarchical
A hierarchical database organizes data in a tree structure. Each parent record has one or more child records, similar to the structure of a file system.
Network
A network database is similar to a hierarchical database, except records have a many-to-many rather than a one-to-many relationship.
The preceding database management systems stored data in rigid, predetermined relationships. Because no data definition language existed, changing the structure of the data was difficult. Also, these systems lacked a simple query language, which hindered application development.  

Installing Oracle Database

Oracle Database and Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation software is available as image-based zip files and can be installed using several options.

You can download Oracle Database software from the Oracle website or the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud portal. In most cases, you use the graphical user interface (GUI) provided by Oracle Universal Installer to install the software. However, you can also run silent mode installations, without using the GUI. You can also use Oracle Fleet Patching and Provisioning for Oracle Database and Oracle Grid Infrastructure (clusterware) deployments.

Oracle Database software may be available on installation media on-demand.

Note: 

To install Oracle Database files on Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM), you must first complete an Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server installation. Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server includes Oracle Restart and Oracle ASM.

To upgrade an existing Oracle ASM installation, upgrade Oracle ASM by running an Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade. If you do not have Oracle ASM installed and you want to use Oracle ASM as your storage option, then you must complete an Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server installation before you start your Oracle Database installation.

You cannot use Oracle Universal Installer from an earlier Oracle release to install components from this release.

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